Skin-whitening is the process of removing melanin pigment from the skin in order to achieve a whiter complexion. Those with darker skin have more melanin, and the amount of melanin determines skin color. Melanin is made by cells called melanocytes. Genetics determines the amount of melanin in a person's skin. Sun exposure, skin damage, and chemical exposure all have an effect on melanin production. People frequently use skin whitening methods to treat issues like freckles, age spots, scars, moles, acne, and birthmarks, as well as to achieve fair skin, especially those with darker skin tones. To lighten or whiten their skin, people use bleaching creams, fading creams, chemical peels, and laser treatments. These products work by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, which is required for melanin production, reducing the amount of melanin in the skin. Melanocyte cells, which produce melanin, are found at the epidermal layer's very bottom. Hyperpigmentation can occur when melanin pigment production is excessive.
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