Skin-whitening is the process of reducing melanin pigment in the skin to achieve a whiter complexion. Those with darker skin have more melanin, and the amount of melanin determines the color of a person's skin. Melanin is produced by cells known as melanocytes. The amount of melanin in a person's skin is determined by genetics. Exposure to the sun, the degree of skin damage, and chemical exposure all have an impact on melanin production. People frequently use skin whitening methods to treat problems such as freckles, age spots, scars, moles, acne, and birthmarks, as well as to achieve fair skin, particularly those with darker skin tones. People use bleaching creams, fading creams, chemical peels, and laser treatments to lighten or whiten their skin. These products work by disrupting the tyrosinase enzyme, which is necessary for melanin production and thus reducing the amount of melanin in the skin. Melanocyte cells, which produce melanin, are found at the very bottom of the epidermal layer of the skin. Overproduction of the melanin pigment can sometimes result in hyperpigmentation issues.
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